Large particles from wildfire smoke can irritate the eyes, nose and throat, while fine particles can enter the lungs and bloodstream. Short-term exposure to these tiny particles increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Long-term exposure may increase the risk of asthma, premature birth, lung cancer, dementia and lower intelligence quotient in children.

Research shows that after a wildfire, smoke exposure was linked to higher rates of emergency room visits for heart disease, blood clots and even strokes. This is partly because smoke from wildfires can increase the likelihood of blood clotting.

For those not in an evacuation zone, staying inside and closing doors and windows can help minimize indoor air pollution. The state EPA recommends using an indoor air purifier any time the air quality index exceeds 150 or if you see or smell smoke.

Wildfire smoke can spread hundreds or thousands of miles, meaning people far from the fires can be exposed. Health experts recommend tracking air quality in your zip code using a smartphone or the EPA’s website, AirNow.gov.