According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a surge in norovirus outbreaks has been reported in parts of the United States this winter. Cases of the highly contagious gastrointestinal virus have been increasing since the beginning of December, with the number of outbreaks increasing significantly compared to previous years.

Rising outbreaks: CDC data

During the week of December 5, the CDC reported 91 norovirus outbreaks, a significant increase from the 69 outbreaks recorded the week before in late November. Historically, there were no more than 65 outbreaks in the first week of December, underscoring the recent surge in cases. This increase signals a potential concern as the virus spreads across the country.

Norovirus is known to cause sudden vomiting and diarrhea and is highly contagious, often spreading rapidly in environments where people are in close proximity. These outbreaks are often seen on cruise ships, in congregate settings such as nursing homes, schools and other facilities where many people interact.

Understanding Norovirus: Symptoms and Spread

According to CDC data, norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, accounting for 58% of foodborne infections each year. The virus is highly contagious as just 10 virus particles can cause illness. On average, about 2,500 norovirus outbreaks are reported annually in the United States, with peak activity occurring from November to April.

The main symptoms of norovirus include sudden vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, body aches, headache and fever. The illness typically begins 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus and lasts 1 to 3 days, with most people recovering fully without the need for medical treatment. However, the virus results in approximately 900 deaths and 109,000 hospitalizations each year, primarily among vulnerable populations such as older adults (age 65 and older).

Transmission: How norovirus spreads

Noroviruses spread easily through multiple routes. The most common method of transmission is person-to-person, particularly when infected people share food or utensils or come into close contact with others. Outbreaks can also occur from contaminated food, water or surfaces that have been exposed to the virus.

Norovirus outbreaks are particularly common in settings where people are in close quarters, such as cruise ships, long-term care facilities, schools and prisons. The virus can survive on surfaces for days, so proper sanitation and sanitation are critical to preventing its spread.

Who is at risk?

Norovirus can affect anyone, but certain groups are more susceptible to severe illness. Young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of complications, including dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration is the biggest concern for those infected because it can cause serious health problems, especially in young children and older adults.

What to do if you are sick: Treat symptoms

Although there are no specific medications to treat norovirus, people affected by the virus should focus on rehydration to prevent dehydration. It is recommended to drink liquids such as water, oral rehydration solutions and clear broths and avoid coffee, tea and alcohol as these can worsen dehydration.

If dehydration is severe, those affected should see a doctor immediately. Symptoms of dehydration include decreased urine output, dry mouth, dizziness, and fatigue. Children may exhibit unusual sleepiness and restlessness and may cry with little or no tears, indicating dehydration.

Preventive measures: How to protect yourself

Preventing the spread of norovirus depends primarily on maintaining good hygiene and hygiene measures. The CDC recommends washing hands frequently and thoroughly with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds before meals and after using the bathroom. Hand sanitizers may not be as effective against norovirus, which is why handwashing is the most reliable prevention method.

Additionally, disinfecting surfaces with household disinfectants, especially high-touch areas such as doorknobs, light switches and countertops, can help reduce the spread of the virus. In community settings such as schools and nursing homes, increased vigilance in cleaning and maintaining hygiene can help contain outbreaks.