Washington- President Biden announced on Monday that he had done so converted the sentences nearly all federal death row inmates, except three who received no clemency.

There are 37 inmates originally sentenced to death who will be affected by Mr. Biden’s actions and will now receive a life sentence without the possibility of parole. But the remaining three on death row, whose sentences remain untouched, are: Robert Bowers, convicted of the mass shooting at the Tree of Life Synagogue; Dylann Roof, convicted in the Mother Emanuel AME Church shooting; And Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, convicted of the Boston Marathon bombing.

While Mr. Biden campaigned on abolishing the death penalty and the Justice Department imposed a moratorium In federal executions, prosecutors still sought the death penalty in some cases.

Robert Bowers

Bowers, 51, received the death penalty in August 2023 after he convicted on 63 federal counts for the attack in 2018 Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh. Bowers shot 11 worshipers and wounded seven people in the deadliest anti-Semitic attack in U.S. history.

Bowers, a truck driver who had made anti-Semitic comments online, was armed with an AR-15 rifle and three handguns when he opened fire during Saturday morning prayers. Federal prosecutors said he turned the synagogue into a “killing site,” and police said Bowers told them “all Jews must die.”

The Justice Department said Bowers “meticulously planned” the attack based on his anti-Semitic beliefs.

Dylan Roof

A jury sentenced Roof to death in 2017 for the mass shooting on Mother Emanuel AME Church in June 2015, becoming the first person to be executed federally for a hate crime. Nine black parishioners were killed and three injured in the attack, which occurred during a Bible study.

Prosecutors said that before Roof launched the racially motivated attack, he posted a manifesto online in which he used racial slurs and expressed the belief that whites were superior to African Americans. They said Roof wanted to attack black worshipers to stoke racial tensions.

roof was convicted in 33 cases in 2016. He appealed his conviction, with his lawyers arguing that Roof was unfairly allowed to represent himself during the sentencing phase of his trial. But a federal appeals court confirmed Roof’s conviction and death sentence in 2021.

“Dylann Roof murdered African Americans in their church, during their Bible study and worship services. They had welcomed as many similar people as would learn of the mass murder,” a panel of judges from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit wrote in its ruling.

The Supreme Court declined to review the 4th District’s decision in 2022.

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev

Tsarnaev was convicted on 30 counts of crimes he committed during the bombings near Moscow Finish line at the Boston Marathon in 2013, including three cases of use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death.

The jury recommended the death penalty and a federal district court imposed the death penalty in six of 17 cases.

Three people were killed and numerous others were injured in the attack. Tsarnaev’s role in the bombing is undisputed, his lawyers admitted he and Tamerlan TsarnaevTsarnaev’s older brother, detonated two homemade explosive devices near the marathon’s finish line nearly a decade ago. But Tsarnaev’s lawyers said Tamerlan Tsarnaev was the mastermind of the attack and that the younger Tsarnaev, who was 19 at the time of the attack, acted under his brother’s influence.

The two brothers attempted to flee Massachusetts after the attack, sparking a four-day manhunt that sealed off Boston and surrounding areas. Tsarnaev was arrested by police after hiding in a boat behind a home in Watertown, Massachusetts. Tamerlan Tsarnaev was killed in a shootout with police while pursuing the two brothers.

After appealing his convictions, he appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit has confirmed almost all of them in 2020, with the exception of three, and it annulled those death sentences and ordered a new sentencing trial.

The Trump administration asked the Supreme Court to review the 1st Circuit’s decision, arguing a new criminal trial would impose significant burdens on victims of the 2013 bombing. The Biden administration maintained that position in this case, even though the president opposed the death penalty.

The Supreme Court in March 2022 reinstated the death sentenceand found that the appeals court had wrongly overturned his death sentences.